Sunday, April 19, 2026

A series of scientists and one general disappeared from the U.S.



“The 10 Scientists Who Vanished or Died from 2023-2026: (Top L-R) Steven Garcia, William McCasland, Anthony Chavez, Melissa Casias, Monica Reza, (Bottom L-R) Nuno Loureiro, Carl Grillmair, Michael Hicks, Frank Maiwald, Jason Thomas. “(https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/white-house-investigates-scientist-deaths-disappearances-1792020)

Retired Major General William Neil McCasland, 68, left his Albuquerque home on foot at approximately 11 a.m. February 27 and has not been in contact with family or friends since, the sheriff’s office said in a news release on March 6. He disappeared on February 27,2026. The position of that person was interesting. He was the head of Wright-Patterson Air Force Base research laboratory." (https://edition.cnn.com/2026/03/11/us/retired-air-force-general-fbi-search)

And he oversaw many secretive military projects. And this is why his disappearance is a risk for national security. Sometimes this case is reported as “UFO general disappearance case”. Another interesting thing is this. Another nine scientists who worked in classified projects have disappeared or died since 2023. Those people worked on. Space material research. And other kinds of research projects. Like nuclear weapon research. There is a list of those cases in the attachments. The thing. What makes those cases interesting is that. They had a connection with McCasland. 

So, does the disappearance of McCasland. And those scientists have some connection? And what is that connection? I think. That many people who worked on the military projects knew McCasland. And then we can say. It's a very low probability that those deaths and disappearances are coincidences. The work that people like Monica Reza, who worked with spacecraft materials, did. It can also connect to high-speed hypersonic aircraft. 

Monica Reza worked with a superalloy that should withstand extreme temperatures and pressures. “Monica Reza went missing on the morning of June 22, 2025, in the Angeles National Forest while hiking with two experienced companions who were exploring the popular Mount Waterman Trail, according to a Facebook page dedicated to finding her.” (NY Post). The fact is that. There are many coincidences. And those cases should be solved. The sources, like Newsweek, connected McCasland with the UFO community. So we should ask, are those disappearances some kind of abductions? And is there something that people should not know? 


https://edition.cnn.com/2026/03/11/us/retired-air-force-general-fbi-search


https://www.foxnews.com/politics/missing-general-scientist-deaths-tied-secret-us-work-prompt-white-house-probe


https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/white-house-investigates-scientist-deaths-disappearances-1792020


https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/william-neil-mccasland-missing-new-mexico-ufos-b2932511.html


https://nationaltoday.com/us/nm/albuquerque/news/2026/04/07/mysterious-disappearances-of-experts-linked-to-ufo-research/


https://www.newsweek.com/who-is-william-neil-mccasland-ex-us-general-linked-to-ufo-research-missing-11609887


https://nypost.com/2026/03/21/us-news/rocket-scientist-with-professional-ties-to-missing-gen-william-mccasland-disappeared-under-similar-circumstances/


Saturday, April 11, 2026

A Chinese portable electromagnetic gun can be far more dangerous than anyone expected.



To be dangerous, the railgun must not reach hypersonic speed. The speed of a normal bullet is enough to make those systems dangerous. The railgun can be connected with the automatic launch system, which takes an image of the target. It measures the air pressure, wind, target’s distance, precise position, and speed. And then. The operator aims the gun, and the system shoots the ammunition automatically. The system. It can also use intelligent bullets that the laser point aims to target. 

The system takes an image of the target. And then the system transfers it in the bullet, which uses its wings to drive it into the target. This allows the shooter to shoot precisely behind visual obstacles. The railgun system can also shoot small drone helicopters that fly over enemy heads. And then those mini copters can shoot those targets by using bullets inside them. The system would be. A little bit like the CBU-97 Sensor Fused Weapon, but smaller. The 20-40 mm version of this system is possible. To shoot through the portable railgun or grenade launcher.

Portable railguns reach a very high rate of fire. That means that the system can act as a portable version of the minigun. But the electromagnetic launching system makes it more flexible than regular guns. And another thing is that those electromagnetic weapons are not jammed in the same way as normal guns. The EM gun doesn’t need gunpowder, and that’s why it can act in very wet conditions. The main problem. With those guns is the battery system. Those batteries are heavy. They are as easy to change as the magazine of the gun. The system doesn’t cause flash in the dark. To be dangerous, the gun must not send ammunition. 




CBU-97 Sensor Fused Weapon’s tactical diagram. The small-sized man-portable version of this weapon. It is maybe under development. 

With hypersonic speed. The system can adjust the speed of ammunition from high subsonic to high supersonic. The speed of 9 mm. A Parabellum bullet is enough to kill a person. The small-sized EM guns don’t cause explosive alarms. The system can accelerate ammunition by using an electric arc. And then Gauss's track accelerates the ammunition. This kind of system can shoot 1000-3000 rounds per minute. 

The small railguns can be mounted on the drones. And the lack of recoil makes them suitable for small drones. Small drones. They  can be equipped with centrifugal cannons. Centrifugal cannon. It is just a spinning plate. The problem is that. The muzzle velocity of centrifugal cannons is not as high as that of magnetic cannons. 

The system that includes both systems. Centrifugal and magnetic accelerators can give far higher muzzle velocity and rate of fire than centrifugal cannon or magnetic cannon alone. 

The rate of fire could rise far higher if Gauss’s track is connected to a centrifugal cannon. The centrifugal cannon is a spinning plate that can guide those rounds to Gauss’s track. The system can drop metal balls onto the spinning plate. And then the hole in the frame lets those metal balls travel into the magnetic accelerator. 


https://brobible.com/culture/article/china-handheld-electromagnetic-railgun/


https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-electromagnetic-cannon-tech-coil-gun


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBU-97_Sensor_Fuzed_Weapon

Friday, April 3, 2026

The U.S. military lost two aircraft in Iran.




“A U.S. Air Force F-15E Strike Eagle assigned to the 494th Expeditionary Fighter Squadron lands at a base in the Middle East, Jan. 18, 2026. U.S. Air Force/courtesy photo U.S. Central Command Public Affairs” (TWZ, F-15E Down In Iran, Rescue Operation Ongoing (Updated))

At the beginning of the war. The U.S. AF lost three F-15Es because of friendly fire. The Kuwaiti F/A-18 pilot  thought those planes were hostile. And open fire. The USAF also lost one E-3 Sentry AEW because of an Iranian missile strike. 

Now. The U.S. military lost two aircraft in Iran. The F-15E went down because of unknown circumstances. 

Those aircraft were not F-35. They were F-15E and A-10. Or the first one is shot down. And another aircraft was probably shot down. There is also a possibility that the F-35 was damaged by Iranian fire. This means that Iran is still dangerous. The F-15E is an older plane, but it's possible that AA flak hits the aircraft accidentally. And if the AA can shoot down the F-35, the Iranian government can give that aircraft to Moscow or Beijing. And that thing has an effect. On the success of the F-35 aircraft in all countries. Which are using the F-35. The Iranian conflict is always a risk. And the pilots can have important information. So. This is the reason why the U.S. Air Force sends HC-130J “Combat King” special rescue aircraft deep. Inside the Iranian airspace. Those special mission aircraft have versatile sensor equipment. And self-defense systems that allow them to operate deep inside enemy airspace. 

The case that the F-15 was shot down suggests that the Pentagon might have a problem. Responding to the newest missiles and jet fighters with other than F-35 aircraft. The problem is that. The F-15 is a very good plane. But. That plane base is in the systems that first flew almost 50 years ago.  If the F-35 falls into the hands of hostile nations, they can create a radar system that can break the stealth technology used in that aircraft. There is always a risk that the aircraft will be lost. There is a possibility that Iran has half of its missile launchers and drones. Those long-range missiles are also a threat to Europe. 



HC-130J "Combat King"



The Iranian missile and drone ranges. (SkyNews)





“A Fairchild Republic A-10 (A-10C) Thunderbolt II (nicknamed Warthog) close air support and ground attack jet, belonging to the USAF (United States Air Force) 66th Weapons Squadron, at Nellis AFB in Las Vegas, Nevada, on February 25, 2020. (Larry MacDougal via AP)Read Less” (Newsweek,Second US Combat Plane Crashes Near Hormuz After Iran Shootdown: Report)

And those Shahed-drones are also shot at Cyprus. This means that Iran is a very dangerous enemy. There is suspicion that those drones and missiles are under the control of the Republican Guards. And that makes those systems more dangerous. The problem is that Iran knows that if it can raise the price of the oil, it can try to force Trump to stop that operation. So, it's possible that the Iranian government aims drone strikes at the oil terminals on the opposite shore of the Gulf. That makes it possible to cut the oil and LNG (Liquid Natural Gas) delivery from the Gulf Harbors. Another thing is this. There is always a possibility that the missile or drone hits another important aircraft. The U.S. lost the E-3 “Sentry” airborne early warning aircraft. 

The problem is that those AEW aircraft are not manufactured. Anymore. And those systems are the tools that play a vital role in the early warning systems that warn about drone attacks. The Hormuz Strait is another problem. Iran uses so-called “dum” contact  mines. The horn mines detonate because of the impact. There is no way to deny those things from working. Even if those systems. Using technology from the 19th century. Those mines can detonate a hole in the hull of the most modern warships. If an aircraft carrier sails into a mine, that causes damage to its hull. And another thing. The horn miner can cause. It is fatal damage to the submarine's body. The horn mine doesn’t have technology at all. The ship presses the battery or acid against the explosive. That detonates the mine. The only thing that can sweep those mines is minesweepers. 

The minesweeper can use a robot that cuts the mine’s wire, and then the mine. It can be detonated using machine cannons. There is a possibility. The Littoral Combat ships can take the robot mine sweeping tools onboard and then sail to Hormuz. But before that, the U.S military must use its Avenger-class minesweepers to secure the Hormuz. Even the best minesweeping tools are ineffective if they lie on the other side of the harbour on Earth. 


https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202604/04/WS69d0192ea310d6866eb41b24.html


https://edition.cnn.com/2026/03/30/middleeast/us-air-force-awacs-jet-destroyed-saudi-arabia-intl-hnk-ml


https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/world/another-us-jet-lost-a-10-warthog-attack-plane-crashes-near-strait-of-hormuz-after-iran-f-15-strike/ar-AA206mte?ocid=BingNewsSerp


https://www.newsweek.com/a-10-warthog-second-us-combat-plane-crash-hormuz-11781253


https://news.sky.com/story/what-missiles-could-israel-use-in-an-attack-and-can-iran-defend-itself-13117104


https://www.twz.com/air/angry-kitten-electronic-warfere-pod-spotted-flying-on-hc-130j-combat-rescue-plane


https://www.twz.com/air/photos-of-f-15e-wreckage-emerge-amid-iranian-claims-it-shot-down-an-american-fighter


https://www.twz.com/air/usaf-f-35-makes-emergency-landing-after-allegedly-being-hit-by-iranian-fire


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avenger-class_mine_countermeasures_ship


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littoral_combat_ship


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_HC-130


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naval_mine

Thursday, March 26, 2026

Why is the West losing to China?


"A still from a video released by the China National Space Administration (CNSA) that outlines its concept for a lunar base to be developed across the next couple of decades. (Image credit: China National Space Administration)" (Space.com, China plans to build moon base at the lunar south pole by 2035)

Why is it not the same who wins the race to the moon? The best places on that small world are always limited. So, whoever is first gets the best places. Moon poles are the safest places for the moon bases. Because the cosmic radiation is weakest in that position. Things like thermal changes are smallest at the moon's poles. 

We all heard that NASA is losing the race to the moon. But nobody asks why? And why is this race so important? We all know that there is another moon race. This time, the racers are China and the USA. And we know that China is winning this game. But why does this happen? Why is China so innovative? The first reason for losing the moon race is the loss of budget at NASA. The agency lacks the resources to fulfill all its responsibilities. Another thing is the safety reason. Chinese must not follow the same safety standards. With Western space agencies. And that makes their work more effective. The third thing is that. The Chinese government will give. It’s all support for the moon race. The next question is, why is this race so important? Moon offers a good environment. To test things like nuclear rockets. 

And it offers. Good platform for space telescopes. But those moon telescopes. They can also make intelligence missions. Those telescopes see things from the Earth. The fact is that. The moon offers. A good place for missile bases. And the moon base. It can serve as a biological laboratory that can serve both civil and military purposes. The Moon could be. A perfect place for biological weapon laboratories. When we think about the moon and military bases on it. There is a possibility of creating missile bases on the moon. In the same way. Those bases can operate with weapons that nobody expected. 



"Elon Musk proposes ‘cannon-like’ mass drivers on moon to build orbital AI data centers." (Interesting Engineering)

There is a possibility. To launch nuclear weapons or kinetic ammunition to Earth from the moon by using magnetic mass drivers. The mass drivers that can support orbital building projects can also be used to launch nuclear grenades to Earth. Or those systems can shoot a salvo of kinetic projectiles to the ground. Those mass-drivers can make the “Rods of God” true. The salvo of ceramic-tungsten flechettes can destroy entire cities. But those systems. They can be used to launch miniature space shuttles. 

The moon. It can be the home for the ion cannons. Those ion systems can shoot ions to the Earth orbiter. And those systems can be devastating to satellites. 

But those systems can also launch small-sized nuclear grenades or even antimatter ammunition to Earth. About a 300 mm nuclear grenade would be very hard to detect. If it's shot from a magnetic accelerator, that system. It can be invisible until it reaches the atmosphere. 

 In the cases of antimatter, the system. It can create antimatter by using the same methods. That CERN uses. Then those antimatter particles can be launched to the higher atmosphere. There. Annihilation makes extremely powerful radiation. That radiation can kill people in large areas. And it can form high-energy plasma that causes terrible things. The antimatter cannon is a normal ion cannon that shoots antimatter. In the atmosphere. Antimatter particles annihilate immediately, releasing an extremely high-energy load. A gram of antimatter can destroy an entire planet. 

The antimatter system. It can affect the target directly. Or, it can affect the medium first. That thing can be the capsule where those antimatter particles hit the wall of their capsule. Then annihilation transfers energy to the environment, forming plasma. If researchers want to create a particle beam that involves antimatter particles, the system must create a hole in the air. That denies that the antimatter particles interact before they reach their targets. This means that in real life, the Teller bomb. Works like this. Antimatter particles would be in the magnetic capsule. That keeps those particles hovering in a vacuum. Then the system removes the magnetic field. And then the system pulls those particles to the wall of the chamber.



“The United States faces a critical inflection point as China accelerates its push to dominate the next frontier of warfare, the fusion of biotechnology and artificial intelligence (AI). “ (Interesting Engineering, Gene-edited super-soldiers with AI power could be unleashed by China, warns US report)

“According to a new report by the US National Security Commission on Emerging Biotechnology, China’s systematic state-driven approach is reshaping the global biotechnology landscape, and the implications for national security are surprising.”(Interesting Engineering, Gene-edited super-soldiers with AI power could be unleashed by China, warns US report)

“The Chinese government cares less. Than Western governments about things like public opinion. This means there is a possibility to create projects that Western societies cannot understand or accept. Things like genetically engineered super soldiers might be in service after a couple of years. Those genetically engineered super soldiers could be extremely loyal and intelligent. “(Interesting Engineering, Gene-edited super-soldiers with AI power could be unleashed by China, warns US report)

And they might not have. A similar feeling to normal humans. Maybe those creatures have the same genome that makes wolves loyal. And. There is a possibility that their muscles and senses are improved. In the same way, their sexual behavior could be killed. This means those things will not tell things in bed. And that thing means that. The only thing that those creatures serve. It would be the Chinese government. They might have a thing. Called controlled sociopathy. It’s possible. That. There is some kind of switch. That can activate those things. 

https://www.extremetech.com/science/cern-just-moved-antimatter-by-truck-for-the-first-time


https://futurism.com/space/nasa-losing-space-race-china


https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-genetically-enhanced-super-soldiers


https://interestingengineering.com/space/musk-proposes-cannon-like-mass-drivers-on-moon


https://www.space.com/china-moon-base-south-pole-2035


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetic_bombardment

Saturday, March 21, 2026

Drones cause a requirement for new defense.



Israel plans to install laser weapons in its helicopters and aircraft. Those systems can be used to fight against the drone threat. The laser weapon does not require ammunition, and theoretically, its ammunition capacity is unlimited. The laser weapon. That hovers above the ground. In. A helicopter or aircraft can be used against low-flying drones, other aircraft, or incoming missiles. This means the jet fighter can destroy missiles that are shot at it. 

Laser and microwave beams are things. That. It can also be used against things like enemy electric supply or vehicles. In some visions, the jet fighter radars can be used to give high-power microwave impulses against their targets. This makes enemy fighters harder to operate. 

The laser systems. Those that are used against the drones can use AI-based technology to complete their missions. The laser system. It can use similar technology. That is used in laser-based bug traps. That kills things like flies from the room. The system that destroys drones. It uses a high-energy beam. Like 10-100 kW systems. 

The requirement for the new systems in drone defense. It is urgent. The drone, even if it doesn’t use AI, is. A very big threat. The AI-based systems make drones make evasion movements. But. In all cases, there is a danger that the defender runs out of ammunition. The defender uses $4-5 million Patriot missiles against drones. That costs about $20000-60000 per unit. The problem is those HESA Shahed drones. 

They can also carry chemical and biological warheads. Or maybe also armour penetration warheads. This means that the defender. It cannot let any of those drones pass the defense. The problem is that those drones can be launched thousands against targets. Those systems can be dangerous. Especially if they hit things like electric supply systems. 


https://www.defensenews.com/global/mideast-africa/2026/03/18/israel-to-mount-lasers-on-fighter-jets-and-helicopters/


https://www.defensenews.com/global/europe/2025/09/09/israels-rafael-touts-iron-beam-antimissile-lasers-at-dsei-fair/


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Beam



Saturday, March 14, 2026

FBI warns about drone attacks that are made from ships.



Drones are easy to make. They are easy to transport. And they are easy to launch. Drones don’t require any special launching platforms. So, the operator can launch drones even from their balcony. The Shahed-type drones can be carried to target areas by using regular commercial ships. And then the operators release them. The issue is that those drones can be carried to strike distance by using small motorboats, and then they can be launched. In modern times, the small drone.
That is equipped with the right warhead can damage even large-scale ships and other targets. This means that we should be better prepared. For that kind of threat. Platform-free drones. Those in position. Near airfields can also be used against aircraft. That attempt to raise or land from those airfields. Drones can be transported near their targets. And then. At the precise right time, the operators can use them against their targets.





The Ukrainian drone-killer drone. Those drones can also wait near airbases and attack aircraft, equipment, or personnel who work in the target zone.
Small-sized drones. They can attack the electric supply infrastructure. Like converter stations.  Those drones can loiter underwater. And they can attack ships. Or they can be used to detonate things like sea mines. The underwater drones can be dropped from the board. Of the ships. And. They can be used to sweep mines from the coastline. This means that those drones can open a path to landing teams. Small drones can also cause damage. To communication lines. Like mobile data networks.
The small underwater drones can make holes in the submarine hull. Or they can cause vital damage to propellers or fuel tanks. The fact is that the small-sized underwater drone can have the ability to fly or even run on wheels. And those systems. They can slip into the heavily armoured bunkers. When there is a possibility to make something, that is possible.
And one of the threats is that people like pirates can start to use drones to hijack ships. In those cases. The drone swarms that are hiding on board the attacker will fly against the targeted ships. Drones can also carry things. Like hooks and ropes to ships that are targeted to attack. Those ropes allow pirates. To climb the ships.  The drone can put the hook. To the railings. And then pirates pull themselves. To ship.

Sunday, March 8, 2026

Drones, attacks against ABM radars, and a lack of cybersecurity are proving global vulnerabilities.


(TWZ.com)


There are two major global threats. The first one. It is cybersecurity. If hackers can remove things like IFF recognition codes from any jet fighter. Or any air defense installation. That can cause terrible mistakes. The Kuwaitian F/A-18 shot down three U.S. F-15s, and that raises many questions.  If aircraft fly across multinational airspaces, every single airplane must have. The right IFF (Identification Friend or Foe) codes in its systems. If some allied or neutral nation’s fighters or air defense have wrong ID marks, that can cause a situation where those friendly aircraft shoot their own planes. 

This means that there is a possibility that some hackers have changed or removed those IFF keys from the allied aircraft. This means that the hackers can use data viruses. They can cause a situation where friendly fire kills their own forces. This kind of threat can make it impossible to launch even nuclear missiles if the launch codes are removed. This means that. The cyberattack can have an effect. Into the physical world. The cyber attack can make it possible to change. The information. Into fake information that turns news into fake news. Or, it can make. The friendly aircraft to shoot friendly aircraft. 



The ABM radar: (TWZ.com)

(TWZ.com)


Did somebody hack the Kuwaiti F/A-18 fighter’s computer? If IFF codes are removed, the F/A-18 thinks that all incoming aircraft are hostile. 



1: Aerodynamic cover; 2: Air-filled cavity; 3: Conical liner (Often copper); 4: Detonator; 5: Explosive; 6: Piezo-electric trigger (Wikipedia, High-explosive anti-tank)

Above: HEAT (High-explosive anti-tank) ammunition. 


The expensive ABM radars are the main target for Iranian strikes. 


They turn into the primary targets for low-cost drones and missiles. The missile or drone that hits the ABM radar can simply follow the radio signals that those systems send. So, the missile or drone can be the enlarged version of the AGM-88 HARM. The same system that guides. The anti-radiation missiles are aimed at their targets. They can be installed in the drones. The enemy can send thousands of drones and missiles against those radars. And the problem with things like Shahed- and LUCAS drones is that those systems can carry HEAT(high-explosive anti-tank), or thermobaric-HEAT explosives. In those cases. The drone can cause damage to large and well-protected targets. In HEAT ammunition. There is a small explosive behind the chamber. When that explosive detonates. It pushes air forward, turning the metal shell into. The thing called aimed explosive effect. 

Thermobaric-HEAT. An HEAT warhead. That chamber is filled with hydrocarbons or water. Thicker material turns the aimed explosion jet more effective. Those systems can damage even strong bunkers. A direct hit. A radar transmitter can destroy those radars.  A regular thermobaric explosion has a large kill radius. Those explosives can destroy radars and radio masts. In that case, the drone or missile must not give. A direct hit to the radio antenna. The problem with Shahed-type drones is that they can be hidden in things like lorries, and then launch from very close distances to radars. Even a fishing boat can transport the attack drones into striking distance. And those drones can make holes in the submarine hulls. 

Or larger cruise missiles can carry smaller cruise missiles below them. This means that. A bigger cruise missile. Like FP-5 Flamingo. Can carry Storm Shadow or Taurus missiles. This means that unmanned drones can carry cruise missiles and launch them from a long distance from their users. 

The Shahed-. And it’s U.S. copy, The LUCAS drones showing their capacity. Those drones can be used with manned aircraft. The aircraft can drop the drone into the target area. Those cheap and easy-to-produce drones force the enemy to shoot. If enough drones are used, the anti-aircraft missile stockpiles turn empty. The success of those drones opens the path to the more advanced systems. There is a possibility. To install booster rockets on Storm Shadow and Taurus missiles. Those things can give the ground and small-ship launch capacity for those cruise missiles. There is also a possibility of installing Taurus or Storm Shadow-type cruise missiles with the Flamingo cruise missiles. This means that the Flamingo can get those missile guidance systems. Or the bigger cruise missile. It can carry those smaller cruise missiles. And that gives the larger Flamingo-missile the ultimate range. 


https://www.twz.com/air/kuwaiti-f-a-18s-triple-friendly-fire-shootdown-gets-stranger-by-the-day


https://www.twz.com/news-features/iranian-attacks-on-critical-missile-defense-radars-are-a-wake-up-call


https://www.twz.com/news-features/lucas-kamikaze-drones-lauded-as-indispensable-by-u-s-admiral-in-charge-of-iran-war


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AGM-88_HARM


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FP-5_Flamingo


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-explosive_anti-tank


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storm_Shadow 


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taurus_KEPD_350

A series of scientists and one general disappeared from the U.S.

“The 10 Scientists Who Vanished or Died from 2023-2026: (Top L-R) Steven Garcia, William McCasland, Anthony Chavez, Melissa Casias, Monica R...